Jericho أريحا

Jericho (Arabic: أريحا‎) is a municipality settled nearby the river River in the West Bank of the Arabian Territories. It is the top of the hamlet Governorate, and has a accumulation of over 20,000 Palestinians.^[2] Situated substantially beneath seafaring take on an east-west line 16 kilometres (10 mi) northerly of the Dead Sea, hamlet is the minimal permanently colonised locate on earth. It is also believed to be digit of the oldest continuously colonised cities of the world.^[3][4][5]

Described in the Canaanitic Scripture as the “City of Palm Trees”, flush springs in and around hamlet hit prefabricated it an captivating locate for manlike habitation for thousands of years.^[6] It is famous in Judeo-Christian practice as the locate of the Israelites’ convey from thrall in Egypt, led by Joshua, the progeny to Moses. Archaeologists hit unearthed the relic of over 20 successive settlements in Jericho, the prototypal of which dates backwards to 11,000 eld time (9000 BCE).^[7]

Etymology

Jericho’s study is noticeable by its topical Arabian inhabitants Ariha (Arabic أريحا (help·info) /ʔæˈriːħɑː/), which effectuation “fragrant” and derives from the Canaanitic (as substantially as Semite and Hebrew) articulate Reah, of the aforementioned meaning.^{[8][9][10][11]} hamlet is also noticeable Yəriḥo ( יְרִיחוֹ (help·info)) in Hebrew, and an move theory holds that it is it derivative from the articulate message “moon” (Yareah) in Canaanitic and Hebrew, as the municipality was an primeval edifice of love for lunar deities.^[12]

History

Ancient times

Jericho is believed to be digit of the oldest continuously-inhabited cities in the world, with grounds of deciding dating backwards to 9000 BCE, providing essential aggregation most primeval manlike habitation in the Near East.^[13] The prototypal imperishable deciding was shapely nearby the Ein as-Sultan outflow between 8000 and 7000 BCE by an uncharted people, and consisted of a sort of walls, a churchlike shrine, and a 23-foot (7.0 m) shape with an interior staircase.^[9] After a whatever centuries, it was forsaken for a ordinal settlement, ingrained in 6800 BCE, perhaps by an offensive grouping who enwrapped the warning inhabitants into their dominating culture. Artifacts dating from this punctuation allow decade skulls, covered and varnished so as to structure the individuals’ features.^[9] These equal the prototypal warning of depiction in prowess history, and it is intellection that these were kept in people’s homes patch the bodies were buried.^[5][14] This was followed by a activity of settlements from 4500 BCE onward, the maximal of these existence constructed in 2600 BCE.^[9]

Archaeological grounds indicates that in the latter half of the Middle Bronze Age (circa 1700 BCE), the municipality enjoyed whatever prosperity, its walls having been strong and expanded.^[15] The Canaanitic municipality (Jericho City IV) was blasted c.1550 BCE,^[16][17] and the locate remained depopulated until the municipality was refounded in the 9th century BCE.^{[citation needed]}

In the 8th century BCE, the Assyrians invaded from the north, followed by the Babylonians, and hamlet was depopulated between 586 and 538 BCE, the punctuation of the person banishment to Babylon. prince the Great, the Iranian king, refounded the municipality digit knot south of its time locate at the construction of Tell es-Sultan, and returned the person exiles after capture metropolis in 539 BCE.^[9]

Geography

Jericho is settled 258 metres (850 ft) beneath seafaring take in an shelter in Wadi Qelt in the river Valley.^[4][9][32] The nearby outflow of Ein es-Sultan produces 1,000 gallons of liquid per time (3.8 m³/min), irrigating whatever 2,500 acres (10 km²) finished binary channels and intake into the river River, 6 miles (10 km) away.^[9][32] Annual downfall is 6.4 inches (160 mm), mostly amassed between Nov and February. The cipher temperature is 59 °F (15 °C) in Jan and 88 °F (31 °C) in August. The unceasing sunshine, flush alluvial soil, and galore liquid from the outflow hit ever prefabricated hamlet an captivating locate for settlement.^[32]

Demographics

Demographics hit multifarious widely depending on the dominating social assemble and conception in the location over the time threesome cardinal years. In a 1945 realty and accumulation analyse by Sami Hadawi, 3,010 inhabitants is the amount presented for Jericho, of which 94% were Semite and 170 were Jews.^[36]

In the prototypal counting carried discover by the Arabian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), in 1997, Jericho’s accumulation was 14,674. Arabian refugees constituted a momentous 43.6% of the residents or 6,393 people.^[37] The sexuality make-up of the municipality was 51% phallic and 49% female. hamlet has a teen population, with nearly half (49.2%) of the inhabitants existence low the geezerhood of 20. People between the ages of 20 and 44 prefabricated up 36.2% of the population, 10.7% between the ages of 45 and 64, and 3.6% were over the geezerhood of 64.^[38]

Based on PCBS projections, hamlet presently has an Semite Arabian accumulation of over 20,000.^[2] The underway politician is Hassan Saleh, a past lawyer.